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The Robeco Capital Growth Funds have not been registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, nor or the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended. None of the shares may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly in the United States or to any U.S. Person (within the meaning of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)). Furthermore, Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. (Robeco) does not provide investment advisory services, or hold itself out as providing investment advisory services, in the United States or to any U.S. Person (within the meaning of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act).

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This website has been carefully prepared by Robeco. The information contained in this publication is based upon sources of information believed to be reliable. Robeco is not answerable for the accuracy or completeness of the facts, opinions, expectations and results referred to therein. Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of this website, we do not accept any responsibility for damage of any kind resulting from incorrect or incomplete information. This website is subject to change without notice. The value of the investments may fluctuate. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. If the currency in which the past performance is displayed differs from the currency of the country in which you reside, then you should be aware that due to exchange rate fluctuations the performance shown may increase or decrease if converted into your local currency. For investment professional use only. Not for use by the general public.

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07-11-2023 · Insight

Indices insights: Factor diversification - Upside potential at lower risk

Investors have recognized and deployed the benefits of diversification since the early days of capital markets. However, the concept was largely popularized after the late Harry Markowitz's ground-breaking paper, "Portfolio Selection," in 1952.1 Using mathematical terms, Markowitz formalized the idea that diversification can reduce risk without changing expected portfolio returns, leading to the birth of modern financial economics.

    Authors

  • Jean-Paul van Brakel - Researcher

    Jean-Paul van Brakel

    Researcher

  • Joop Huij - PhD, Head of Sustainable Index Solutions

    Joop Huij

    PhD, Head of Sustainable Index Solutions

Often referred to as the only 'free lunch' in investing, diversification allows investors to reduce portfolio risk without sacrificing returns. Simply put, a well-diversified portfolio achieves a higher expected return per unit of risk or a lower risk level for a given expected return.

The power of diversification applies across multiple asset classes—such as combining stocks and bonds—as well as individual securities—like diversifying among different industries or geographical regions. In this Indices Insights animation, we demonstrate empirically that diversification also applies when allocating towards multiple factor premiums. In other words, by diversifying across multiple factors, such as value and momentum, factor investors can lower their portfolio risk without compromising expected returns.

The findings were clear: over the past 50 years, the multi-factor portfolio delivered similar returns as other factors but with a consistently lower overall tracking error

To examine the benefits of multi-factor allocation, we compared the historical performance and tracking error of individual factors, namely value, momentum, quality, and low beta, against a multi-factor portfolio with equal investments in all factors. The findings were clear: over the past 50 years, the multi-factor portfolio delivered similar returns as other factors but with a consistently lower overall tracking error. Diversification across factors enables investors to enjoy the benefits of factor investing while simultaneously reducing the overall deviation from the benchmark.

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Methodology

Our analysis uses the monthly US factor returns from the Professor Kenneth French Data Library.2 These factors are determined by double-sorting stocks based on market capitalization (five groups) and a second variable (five groups). These latter variables are book-to-price ratios (value); return over the prior twelve months excluding the last month (momentum); univariate market beta over the preceding five years (low beta); operating profitability (high profitability) or change in assets between the last two fiscal years (low investments).

We average the top quintiles across all size groups to derive the final factors. For instance, the value factor averages the five size-sorted portfolios with the highest book-to-market ratio. The quality factor is calculated by equally weighting the high profitability and low investment portfolios. Lastly, we derive the multi-factor portfolio by equally weighting the returns of the four individual factors each month (value, momentum, quality, low-beta).

To calculate the outperformance of each factor portfolio, we subtract the market portfolio returns from the factor returns. The outperformance displayed in the visual (y-axis) is the annualized geometric average three-year outperformance. The tracking error (x-axis) is calculated as the annualized standard deviation of outperformance. Both statistics, denoted in USD and ranging from December 1966 to May 2023, are updated annually and animated in between.

Footnotes

1 Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.
2 https://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

Indices Insights

Robeco

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Important information
The Robeco Capital Growth Funds have not been registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, nor or the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended. None of the shares may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly in the United States or to any U.S. Person (within the meaning of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)). Furthermore, Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. (Robeco) does not provide investment advisory services, or hold itself out as providing investment advisory services, in the United States or to any U.S. Person (within the meaning of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act).
This website is intended for use only by non-U.S. Persons outside of the United States (within the meaning of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act who are professional investors, or professional fiduciaries representing such non-U.S. Person investors. By clicking “I Agree” on our website disclaimer and accessing the information on this website, including any subdomain thereof, you are certifying and agreeing to the following: (i) you have read, understood and agree to this disclaimer, (ii) you have informed yourself of any applicable legal restrictions and represent that by accessing the information contained on this website, you are not in violation of, and will not be causing Robeco or any of its affiliated entities or issuers to violate, any applicable laws and, as a result, you are legally authorized to access such information on behalf of yourself and any underlying investment advisory client, (iii) you understand and acknowledge that certain information presented herein relates to securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act, and may be offered or sold only outside the United States and only to, or for the account or benefit of, non-U.S. Persons (within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act), (iv) you are, or are a discretionary investment adviser representing, a non-U.S. Person (within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act) located outside of the United States and (v) you are, or are a discretionary investment adviser representing, a professional non-retail investor.


Access to this website has been limited so that it shall not constitute directed selling efforts (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act) in the United States and so that it shall not be deemed to constitute Robeco holding itself out generally to the public in the U.S. as an investment adviser. Nothing contained herein constitutes an offer to sell securities or solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities in any jurisdiction. We reserve the right to deny access to any visitor, including, but not limited to, those visitors with IP addresses residing in the United States. This website has been carefully prepared by Robeco. The information contained in this publication is based upon sources of information believed to be reliable. Robeco is not answerable for the accuracy or completeness of the facts, opinions, expectations and results referred to therein. Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of this website, we do not accept any responsibility for damage of any kind resulting from incorrect or incomplete information. This website is subject to change without notice. The value of the investments may fluctuate. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. If the currency in which the past performance is displayed differs from the currency of the country in which you reside, then you should be aware that due to exchange rate fluctuations the performance shown may increase or decrease if converted into your local currency. For investment professional use only. Not for use by the general public.